Cowgirl Chocolates Essay

Marilyn Lysohir and her husband, Ross Coates started Cowgirl Chocolates located on 3rd street in Moscow, Idaho in 1997. Cowgirl Chocolates offered hot and spicy creations in three basic forms: individually wrapped truffles, chocolate bars, and a hot caramel dessert sauce and provided various packaging offers such as gift boxes, collectible tins, plain plastic bags or gold wrappers. Truffles were available in plain chocolate, mint, orange, lime tequila, and espresso and the chocolate bars were available in orange espresso or lime tequila crunch. Despite not paying herself a salary and occasionally bartering her art for services, the small business’s revenues of $30,000 did not come close to covering her $50,000+ in expenses. She just was not sure how to turn her award winning products into a profitable business (Peter/Donnelly, Jr. , pp. 488-491). The following paragraphs are discussion on the relative merits of using a cost-based, demand-based, and competition-based pricing method in reference to Cowgirl Chocolates. Cost-based pricing is a certain amount of everything within the business industry. When deciding on the price of products, a company must first calculate the cost expenses of the production of the items or services. Demand-based pricing represents pricing products by demand flow. When products are in demand then the price of the items can be increased safely. But, if the demand is low then you have to be methodical in your price increase strategy. So it is beneficial to create alternative products just in case is extremely necessary. Demand based pricing is a policy that sets the price of a product according to the perceived amount that customers are willing to pay, rather than according to the production cost (Encarta, 2009). Competition Based pricing compares products in the market to your products and distinguishes whether those products have an advantage over your current products. Four options that Cowgirl Chocolates could consider as far as pricing may be price lining, promotional pricing, premium pricing and demand-based pricing. I would utilize demand based pricing which is a policy that sets the price of a product according to the perceived amount that customers are willing to pay, rather than according to the production cost (Encarta, 2009). It must be recognized also that the effect on profit will be a factor; there may be several factors other than profit influencing the selling price decision. Even taking an iterative approach, it may be unrealistic to expect single demand estimates to be made. Sales demand forecasting is difficult and a range of demand possibilities at each possible selling price may be used to guide management decision making (Coulthurst, 2002). Although I am not usually a chocolate eater, I do have a few recommendations that might have helped Marilyn in her time of decision: †¢ New Market Prospect: Marilyn may want to contact her mentor atâ€Å"Daffins Chocolates† in Sharon, Pennsylvania. She could send him/her a sample of each â€Å"Cowgirl Chocolate† product and ask her mentor’s opinion; if they like the product, then she could ask them if they would be willing to allow her shelf space to market her product. She could capture wholesale and a portion of the retail dollars to dump back into her business. †¢ Repackaging: I originally was going to recommended that she eliminate the multiple colors for the packaging of her products due to the cost but after looking at her website the colors are quite eye catching. I would tell her to capture more capital for her business she should concentrate on the website she has and market that a bit more. The website is more personable and only cost $25. 00 a month and was a third of her product sales; she would also capture the wholesale and retail dollars. Lastly, not everyone likes hot and spicy products so her decision to make a â€Å"mild† line is a great decision and will help her expand her customer base. †¢ Spicy vs. Mild: Cowgirl Chocolates is focused on promoting spicy chocolates, but realistically it should concentrate on a different variety as a back-up plan in the event that demand is low for the spicy version. For Cowgirl Chocolates, most competition in the industry comes from the businesses producing sweet chocolates. Cowgirl Chocolates may have an advantage on packaging and possibly taste for the spicy chocolates but does not have an advantage on sweet chocolates. †¢ Utilize Inventory Wisely: Marilyn needs to cut the labels that she currently has in inventory to fit the tin modifications. She already has $7000 in extra packaging & labels on hand, it is not wise to dump more money into new labels that will cost $395 for a plate/printing die plus $152 for the new labels to be printed. She could offer packaging product in the gift boxes purchased 3 years ago, possibly charging $1. 00 extra to try and capture the $9000 expense. This way at least she can recuperate something for inventory that has proven to be a very bad investment. †¢ Ingredients: They could balance the elements that are contributing to the production costs of the chocolates and then they could balance out with their competitions. This way the company would be able to increase market demand and therefore expect an increase in profit sales as well. For the Cowgirl Chocolates, coming up with a cost-based price would mean decreasing some expenses by modifying packaging or possibly modifying their recipes and/or chocolate ingredients they use. I researched â€Å"Cowgirl Chocolates† and found that they have a great selection; they sell tens of thousands of chocolate a year and double their sales every year. The ingredients stand alone on their own and the sauces are used by several restaurants to cook with. To her credit Marilyn has won two awards in 2010 for her chocolates. The internet and word of mouth keep her business flowing, she receives orders from all over the world including Antarctica! I even joined her email list and intend on trying her chocolates. . Works Cited: J. Paul Peter/James H. Donnelly, Jr, (2008), Marketing Management, Knowledge and Skills Eighth Edition. pp. 489-492, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. J. Paul Peter/James H. Donnelly, Jr, (2008), Marketing Management, Knowledge and Skills Eighth Edition. Retrieved from online. pcdi. com, BM350_Assignment_08; McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. http://online. pcdi. com/ec/crs/cntentItem. learn? CourseID=2901074&47=6493555&dt=8%2F15%2) . Demand-based pricing definition – Dictionary Encarta, 2009 http://encarta. msn. com/dictionary_561538482/demand-based_pricing. html Demand-based pricing definition – Niguel Coulthurst 03 Apr 2002 http://www. accaglobal. com/students/student_accountant/archive/2002/25/404831 Cowgirl Chocolates – 2009 Cowgirl Chocolates http://www. cowgirlchocolates. com/beta/thankyou. shtml

Moolaadé Story Essay

Seven years ago, a woman and a mother refused to subject her only daughter to be under the atrocious practice of female circumcision. Moolaadà © is the story of this woman, Collà © Ardo, a seditious and strong-minded second wife of Cirà © in a small secluded African village who single-handedly refused to allow five girls to suffer through the customary Salindà © ceremony. She was in opposition with the practice of genital mutilation due to her personal experiences and she didn’t want others to suffer like her. Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Moolaadà © enraged the Salindana, who were the women who performed â€Å"purification† ritual and the male elders who viewed her actions as threats to their values. As a sign of dominance, the men confiscated the women’s radios, which devastated the women because it was their source to news and music outside of their isolated lives. When the five girls escaped the Salindà © ceremony and came to Collà ©, she willingly offered them Moolaadà ©, or protection. Collà © was scarred after losing two children during childbirth due to her own genital mutilation. She remembers the pain she had to go through and the nurse had to open her up to deliver her only surviving daughter, Amasatou. Collà © remained firm that she would never let Amasatou to endure the agony of being cut. Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s interference with the old tradition caused outrage in the dominating patriarchal society who viewed her actions as disrespect to tradition and Islamic religion. The male elders took away the women’s radios because they didn’t want women being influenced by radical ideas. Collà © was intensely pressured by the Salindana and the male elders, including her husband to lift the Moolaadà ©. Her refusal forced her husband to whip her publically but she never once uttered the word. Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s actions reflected her bravery and determination which â€Å"mobilized† the other women in the village to support Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s intentions and realize the horrid effects of purification. She was an intelligent woman who encouraged the other women to realize that the men were oppressing them from the truth by taking away their radios, so the women wouldn’t ponder over unreasonable ideas. Collà © supported her deep-rooted opposition to genital mutilation with evidence that contradicted the men’s inaccurate dictations. While, listening to the radio Collà © had learned that Islam didn’t tolerate female genital mutilation because thousands of Muslim women would go to Mecca for pilgrimage and they weren’t cut, which shocked many of the male elders who still appeared to be ignorant. Through this, the women in the village united together and bonded through the pain each of them suffered through their genital mutilations. There is a sense of relief and happiness that reflect off these women in the end when they burned the knives used to bring suffering to generations of women who feel under the dreadful practice. As Collà © and the village women in their struggles end the practice of female genital cutting, they began their own feminism movement revolutionizing their purpose in society. Both characters having seen the world beyond the village and convinced of the need for change become unlikely allies of Collà © and the village women in their struggles to end the practice of female genital cutting. Such unlikely partnerships forged across ethnic, class, gender and generational lines have historically been crucial to the success of human rights struggles. In the campaign against the practice of female genital cutting, they are essential and Mooladà © shows us why. caused a sudden awareness among the other oppressed women in the village when her husband whipped her publically but she never once uttered the word. Allegedly eradication Unlike many recent Hollywood made films about Africa, Mooladà © is a story about Africa made by Africans from a distinctly local perspective. Yet, it speaks to universal themes of power, oppression and emancipation. In depicting one woman’s struggle to protect others from an oppressive and inhibiting tradition, Sembene brings great sensitivity and nuance to topic that is often discussed from simplistic, patronizing and polarizing standpoints. He deftly explores not only the conflict between local traditional values and the influence of modern ideas, but also the gender and generational tensions within a community largely isolated from the outside world. Although the film obviously seeks to challenge the practice of female genital cutting and raise questions about its legitimacy, it does so with sensitivity to underlying social complexities. It provides a glimpse into the perspective of local African tribesmen who see the practice of female genital cutting as process of â€Å"purification† and older women who see it as a necessary rite of passage for their daughters. However disagreeable their positions may appear, Sembene brings their voices to the story in a way that is neither condescending nor patronizing. Beyond its message, Mooladà © is a cinematic delight. Sembene assembles a group of colourful characters that add depth to his portrayal of rural African life and make for a more compelling storyline. Although this film is essentially about the local tribulations of an African village, it still mange to engage the outside world through two intriguing characters — a local itinerant vendor, nicknamed Mercenaire who previously worked as an aid worker, and a favoured son of the village Chief, Ibrahima, who returns home from his studies in France to take a bride. Both characters having seen the world beyond the village and convinced of the need for change become unlikely allies of Collà © and the village women in their struggles to end the practice of female genital cutting. Such unlikely partnerships forged across ethnic, class, gender and generational lines have historically been crucial to the success of human rights struggles. In the campaign against the practice of female gen ital cutting, they are essential and Mooladà © shows us why. Ultimately, this movie is not simply about oppression and social turmoil or about progressive citizens and regressive traditions. It is more about the resilience of the human spirit and the tenacity of ordinary people determined to change their destinies. It is an excursion into the dilemmas that confront a society caught in the midst of social and cultural change. For the human rights scholar and teacher, it provides a subtle but invaluable resource for raising awareness about the practice of female genital cutting and offers a means of understanding and explaining a controversial topic to an audience unfamiliar with the social and cultural intricacies associated with the practice. Set in a remote Muslim village in Burkina Faso, Mooladà © is the story of Collà ©, a defiant and strong-willed second wife of an elder in a West African village who refuses to allow four little girls to undergo the traditional circumcision ceremony. After losing two daughters in childbirth due to her own circumcision, Collà © had refused to allow her surviving daughter, Amasatou, to face the ordeal of being cut. Colle’s moolaadà © stirs the anger of the Salidana, a group of women dressed in red gowns who perform the mutilation. She is also forced to stand up to the intimidation of her husband and his brother and the male elders in the village who see her as a threat to their values. As a gesture of control, the men confiscate the women’s radios, their main source of news of outside life. Rigidly defending their traditions and what they questionably see as a practice sanctioned by Islam, they also turn against an itinerant merchant they call Mercenaire (Dominique Zeida) who comes to the aid of Colle in a shocking scene of public flogging. As the issue becomes crystallized, many women rally to Colle’s support whose courage in the face of determined opposition is of heroic proportions. She is thrust into an unfolding drama of village politics when she offers Mooladà © (protection) to the girls who escape the circumcision ceremony. Mooladà © is the mystical protection which in the local custom can be invoked to provide place of safety. Collà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s interference draws the fury of her deeply patriarchal community which sees her action as an affront on its culture and Islamic religion. Collà © can lift the Mooladà © with a single word and comes under the intense pressure of the male elders, her husband and some fellow women to do so. Her resolute refusal to lift the Mooladà © draws other women and girls to her cause and sets the stage for a standoff with the village elders that erupts in the centre of the village and shatters the tranquility of the community. Unlike many recent Hollywood made films about Africa, Mooladà © is a story about Africa made by Africans from a distinctly local perspective. Yet, it speaks to universal themes of power, oppression and emancipation. In depicting one woman’s struggle to protect others from an oppressive and inhibiting tradition, Sembene brings great sensitivity and nuance to topic that is often discussed from simplistic, patronizing and polarizing standpoints. He deftly explores not only the conflict between local traditional values and the influence of modern ideas, but also the gender and generational tensions within a community largely isolated from the outside world. Although the film obviously seeks to challenge the practice of female genital cutting and raise questions about its legitimacy, it does so with sensitivity to underlying social complexities. It provides a glimpse into the perspective of local African tribesmen who see the practice of female genital cutting as process of â€Å"purification† and older women who see it as a necessary rite of passage for their daughters. However disagreeable their positions may appear, Sembene brings their voices to the story in a way that is neither condescending nor patronizing. Beyond its message, Mooladà © is a cinematic delight. Sembene assembles a group of colourful characters that add depth to his portrayal of rural African life and make for a more compelling storyline. Although this film is essentially about the local tribulations of an African village, it still mange to engage the outside world through two intriguing characters — a local itinerant vendor, nicknamed Mercenaire who previously worked as an aid worker, and a favoured son of the village Chief, Ibrahima, who returns home from his studies in France to take a bride. Both characters having seen the world beyond the village and convinced of the need for change become unlikely allies of Collà © and the village women in their struggles to end the practice of female genital cutting. Such unlikely partnerships forged across ethnic, class, gender and generational lines have historically been crucial to the success of human rights struggles. In the campaign against the practice of female gen ital cutting, they are essential and Mooladà © shows us why. Ultimately, this movie is not simply about oppression and social turmoil or about progressive citizens and regressive traditions. It is more about the resilience of the human spirit and the tenacity of ordinary people determined to change their destinies. It is an excursion into the dilemmas that confront a society caught in the midst of social and cultural change. For the human rights scholar and teacher, it provides a subtle but invaluable resource for raising awareness about the practice of female genital cutting and offers a means of understanding and explaining a controversial topic to an audience unfamiliar with the social and cultural intricacies associated with the practice. Set in a remote Muslim village in Burkina Faso, Mooladà © is the story of Collà ©, a defiant and strong-willed second wife of an elder in a West African village who refuses to allow four little girls to undergo the traditional circumcision ceremony. After losing two daughters in childbirth due to her own circumcision, Collà © had refused to allow her surviving daughter, Amasatou, to face the ordeal of being cut.

Organizational socialization mini ethnograhy Assignment

Organizational socialization mini ethnograhy - Assignment Example It is demonstrated in the ways how power and data move through its progressive system, and how bound workers are towards aggregate destinations. I am committed to working with people and helping them to solve their problems as l have a sympathetic and caring nature, as well as the ability to empathize and win the trust of people from all kinds of backgrounds. With a strong desire to be a basic ingredient in bring about a better and sustainable change, l always aspired to be a social worker. I chose â€Å"Peace Corps† for the position of â€Å"Administrative Officer†, because of its proven record of long standing service to humanity. The Peace Corps started its mission to 1960, when then Senator John F. Kennedy  urged university students  to work and be a source of peace by living and functioning in developing countries. With more than 200,000 workers, it is an agency administered by the federal government and aims at achieving world peace and friendship (Peace Corps). The Practical View considers organization closely linked with broader society and strives for conflict resolution by cooperation of labor and management. It is based on the notion of development of work to achieve competence, consistency and specialization with simplification. Interpretive view emphasizes on entity building as well as smooth functioning of a group and human associations in gauging productivity. The core features of the Interpretive View approach are participatory management of a distinct individual working efficiently in a group. Critical and Post Modern views are based on the concept that the organization is an adaptive system which has to adjust to changes in its environment. Critical and Post Modern views focus on developing  the  socio-technical structure,  and handling  contingency situations efficiently. It is a dynamic methodology that happens when a unique individual accepts new or changed responsibility inside an organization. The

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Homework - Assignment Example The first impression that I had of the organization is that it is very organized and that the customer service is quite commendable. Various factors drew me to that conclusion. One of the factors is that once I entered the organization, people seemed very busy and organized where I was able to even locate where I was to be served because of a banner. Another factor is the glowing faces of the workers that showed that they enjoyed their work. The value proposition was communicated to me quite vividly and this was through the attendant that I had the privilege of being served by. The attendant explained to me the manner in which they acquire their commodities. He further explained to me the tests that they carry out on their products in order to ensure quality products for the workers. The impression that I had for the organization gradually improved over time and the reason for this is that I gained more confidence in the products offered by the organization and the cause of this was the value proposition. The marketing strategies of this organization were impeccable and the reason for this is the manner in which my impression of the organization changed. The employees of the organization understood that I am the priority, they did this very well, and this is from the manner in which they offered me quality customer service. I recognized quality management skills from the organization and this is from the manner in which the manager went around looking at the manner in which the attendants carried out their activities. Moreover, in case of any questions, I the attendants did not hesitate to speak to the manager and thus is another reason I concluded that the manager had effective leadership skills. I felt like I was participating in the shopping experience because the communication between the attendants and I was quite impressive and they made me feel welcome. The manner in which the

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Information Systems - Essay Example There are virtual private networks, which are emulations of LANs usually done over the Internet. A wired network is one which is connected together by cables, typically coaxial or Ethernet cables (whether they be 10, 100 or 1000 base-T, parallel or serial, etc.) A wireless network is connected by some kind of wireless transmission, usually a wireless router projecting a certain radio frequency. It is important to note that a wired network can have wireless components, say a wireless computer participating or a wireless printer, while a wireless network can and almost always do have wired components, like a final physical throughput (cable, DSL/phone lines, â€Å"satellite† - which is effectively a â€Å"wired† network for this discussion, etc.) Light is used to encode information and send â€Å"bits† the same way a phone line can. They are sent over cables of tightly bound fibers, usually of a kind of fiber-glass, that act as a waveguide, a â€Å"light pipe† the same way a metal pipe can be used to act as a guide for water. Fiber optics are immensely fast because they have speed-of-light transmission. The maker. AMD and Intel have competed for different parts of the processor market over and over and are in a constant arms race for more clock cycles, more Hertz, etc. Their architecture is almost identical: â€Å"The nice thing about being [a] computer enthusiast is that right now both AMD and Intel platforms support a lot of cross compatible hardware. Sure the CPU and motherboards are platform specific, but you can share DDR2 memory, videocards and other peripherals easily enough† (PC Stats). The common consensus is that Intel tends to make more expensive but higher quality cards while AMD more readily courts the discount market, but even this is not always true. Intel was founded in 1968 and created the x86 lines, the most famous of which is undoubtedly the Pentium. AMD was founded in 1969 and got into the semiconductor and processor

The service Encounter (Human resources management) Essay

The service Encounter (Human resources management) - Essay Example For that the human resource department can use various people management tools. The following reports gives an insight into factors which determine customer and employee satisfaction. These factors are justified on both empirical and theoretical grounds. This is followed by suggestions and recommendations of the best practices of the hospitality industry which are commonly practiced to increase customer satisfaction. ... The economy of advanced countries is dominated by services which contribute to up to 70% of their economy. (Ostrom, 2010).It is unanimously agreed that all industries are customer driven but it is these selection of services about which customers are the most particular and drivers of optimum service and customer satisfaction lead to the most growth and success. Thus service organizations worldwide are shifting their focus to service quality as a priority to carve a niche in the current competitive environment. This allows for differentiation and sustainable global advantage in the market place. (Gounaris,2003) The hotel industry is no different and the customers judge the service according to perceived service quality. This perceived service quality is in turn determined by many indicators which include assurance, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and other tangibles. These are the five service quality dimensions which are based upon the Golden rule. (Jac Fitz-enz)Other factors w hich determine perceived service quality are communications, human resource and employee management standards and employee attitudes.(Snipes,2005). Thus all employee improvement tools that lead to employee satisfaction and affective commitment can mediate the relationship between service culture and customer perceived service quality. (Hung Trong Hoang, 2010). These employee tools have to affect the five service quality dimensions either directly or indirectly to have a positive effect on the hotel. It should also be noted that different subsets of customers have different notions about service quality and thus a variety of service standards must be met for customer satisfaction. (Shannon Anderson,2008).

How did the Normans consolidate control of post-conquest England Essay

How did the Normans consolidate control of post-conquest England - Essay Example Following King Edward’s death, a council of influential men commonly known as Witan settled on Harold Godwin to take charge of England. This decision did not augur well with several people including William, who was the then King of the Normans and Harold’s brother Tostig. William particularly took issue with the fact that Edward had promised him the crown of England when he retired, and swore to that in 1063. King Harold’s, first obstacle was to face his brother Tostig, who had combined forces with the then King of Norway to overthrow Harold’s rule. Tostig’s desire to rise to power nevertheless, came to an abrupt end in September of that year when the English army won against them (Warren 1987, pg. 18). Buoyed by the victory he had just had over his brother, Harold marshalled his troops to carry on with their match, with their next destination being King William’s sphere of influence, located within the northern region of France. In October of 1066, the two warring parties met near Hastings, and the great battle over the English crown began. At first, Harold Godwin’s men were destined to beat the Normans. However, their weariness became evident when the situation changed suddenly and Harold was killed in the process . The battle did not stop until such a time when all of Harold’s loyal bodyguards were all eliminated (Warren 1987, pg. 19). William the then Norman king ascended to the English crown, and with it came the Norman invasion of England. As mentioned in the section above, the Norman conquest of England began in 1066, following the invasion of the Kingdom of England by William the Duke of Normandy. Moreover, William’s victory during the battle of Hastings heightened his claim for the English crown. Though it came with a mixed bag of reactions, the Norman conquest of the English Kingdom proved vital for the history of England (Roche 1995, pg. 46). This is majorly because the invasion linked England more

Financial reporting methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial reporting methods - Essay Example Later it joined hands with the FABS and the US GAAP to tackle global accounting issues and to develop uniform accounting standards worldwide. IASB, at both domestic and international level, consistently has been trying to develop ways of providing investors and stakeholders accounting information that is comparable, transparent and reliable. Financial markets and investors, despite of geographic location, depend on high quality information in order to operate efficiently. IASB is hence making concerted efforts in this regard and is developing principles that would enable the merger of latest and traditional business conducts and at the same time is consistent with current accounting trends. The Cash flow statement of Y limited for the year ended 31st September 20XO showed that that was a decrease in total Cash with the Company and the year end balance reflected a cash outflow of 17000. Moreover company's income statement figures have shown that the organizations operational performance has been good for the year and revenues have been on the high side. Despite the favorable trend in revenue and profit a decrease in the cash can be explained by taking a look at the investing and financing activities for the company during the year. Y limited Cash inflow from operational activities is 737000, which is a good show. But at the same time the cash outflow from investing activities is 855000. This figure reflects that Y limited had adopted a investment policy for the year 20X0 and according to which they planned to expand the scale of operations and hence an investment was undertaken in the purchase of Fixed Asset to achieve the objective. Moreover the payment of Cash dividend was also on the higher side and the company gave away 600000 as cash dividend resorting to the policy of retaining investors and to enhance the interest of Shareholders in the company. This policy bore fruit and the company was able to attract investors to the company and it was able to issue Debentures worth 500000. Task 6 Statement of Goodwill Particulars Ordinary Shares 3000000 Add: Share Premium 500000 Retained Earnings 495000 Total Equity 3995000 Less: Total Tangible Assets (3833000) Add:

Herodotus Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Herodotus Life - Essay Example The essay "Herodotus Life" tells about the important aspects of Herodotus life such as his impact on Athens where Herodotus went and, therefore, it had a pool of intellectual brains making it have unique galaxy of talent eventually thereby making it grow more powerful. He was born as a Persian subject, and he continued to be so until he was approximately 30 to 35 years. At the time he was being born, Halicarnassus was under the rule of queen Artemisia. He thoroughly got Greek education that made him embrace the three essential subjects to a Greek which include: liberal education, music, gymnastic training, and grammar Herodotus had shown initial acquaintance with the largely Greek prose literature. He later turned to literature where he commenced the course of reading thus rendering him one of the instructive and charming writers of the ancient times. According Goodwin asserts that he traversed the European Greece and the Asia Minor due to his inquiring disposition. His traveling was typically in the period of 464-447 BC. He visited Egypt and the Athenians where he was recognized as a learned Greek. While in Egypt, he saw the Persian skulls that were slain by the Inarus. He resided in Samos for 7-8 years and it was during this time that a tragedy struck in his native town that made him return. The tyranny of Lygdamis went from bad to worse and at last, he was expelled from the foreign land. He went to his native city upon the enjoyment of the free citizen rights unto which every Greek set a very high value. He later went to Athens, which was a center of intellectual life and boasted of a galaxy of talent comprising of Pericles, Euripides, and Sophocles. It was here that he was welcomed but remained an idler, dilettante, and without any political duties. At the age of forty he continued with his journey and it is presumed that he got employed in Crotona or Metapontum. Herodotus was a literary genius as he wrote about the wars between the Greek an d the barbarians, a history of the struggle between Greece and Persia but he omitted the histories of Cathage, Phoenicia, and Etruia. Herodotus was also a great humanist who saw and respected the universe in the experience, actions of human kind, and the underlying idiosyncrasies of the regional beliefs and customs. In a 700 page book Herodotus tried to shows us that a well informed Greek requires to learn about nations, geography, cultures, fauna and flora, and the mythical origins. He died approximately at the age of sixty. The predominant voice of antiquity tells us that he may have died at Thurii where his tomb was shown in the later stages (Abe Books, 2009). The 9 books authored by Herodotus make him to be regarded as very distinguished writer of history. This s because the major themes in Herodotus’ books include: relatedness and unity of historical events over numerous generations; variety and universality of human existence and experience; incomprehensible destiny and interrelationships among different things (Goodwin 1996). Questions 1 The impact of the Persian war was that Athens and Sparta though they were great allies, it caused them to drift further apart. According to the Abe Books (2009) argue that Athens is where Herodotus went and it had a pool of intellectual brains making it to have unique galaxy of talent eventually thereby making it grow more powerful. On the contrary, Sparta grew jealous of Athens because of their lean resources. Herodotus went to Athens to regain his Greek citizenship and political rights that he had lost in Halicarnassus. As a consequence of the war, the government fell, trade dropped as the Scythians obtained their wealth from the slave trade which they controlled from the north of Greece through Cimmerian, Chersoneses, and Gorgippia. Also, it led to the city states to fight against each other. However, irrespective of the war, culture was still very important and creative as it had been insisted by Herodotus to be important to any learned Greek (Souza 2005). Question 2

Advanced financial accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Advanced financial accounting - Assignment Example Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) involves predictions of choices of firms as pertains accounting policies and the response of firms to any new accounting policies. It also seeks to explain such decision-making actions by the management of different companies. Positive Accounting Theory makes use of theories to draw predictions on the choices management would likely make when selecting accounting policies to implement or use (Deegan, 2009, p.53). According to the theory, the conduct of any firm is in such a way that would maximize its best interests. In this regard, managers would likely do what they feel is best for the company at the expense of the interests of shareholders. In arriving at the choices to pursue, firms are guided by factors within the industry in which they operate. It is such factors on which the positive accounting theory lays a focus. Positive Accounting Theory’s focus is on the relationship that exists between different stakeholders in a business. The stakeholders provide resources to the firm in different capacities. Apart from this relationship, the theory also looks at how accounting would affect the functionality of such relationships. Through agency theory, positive accounting theory explains the possible motivations that guide managers in their choice of preferred accounting methods. In this light, the assumption is that managers, who are agents, would seemingly engage in activities that would create benefits for them at the expense of their principals (Deegan, 2009, p.54). The introduction of restrictive contracts, therefore, comes handy. However, managers still need some freedom to make decisions dependent on the situation. The positive accounting theory has two perspectives namely the efficiency perspective and the opportunistic perspective. The perspectives explain the conduct of managers in as much as choosing accounting policies is concerned. Under the efficiency perspective,

Leadership Interview Essay Example for Free

Leadership Interview Essay Todays professional nurses assume leadership and management responsibilities regardless of the activity in which they are involved (Koernig-Blais, Hayes, Kozier, Erb, 2006, p. 2). D. Martin. is the nurse manager for The Spirit Medical Transportation Services (Spirit) of Saint Josephs Childrens Hospital in Marshfield, Wisconsin. She started her career as an ICU nurse, and from there moved into medical transportation. She worked as a staff flight nurse in three different programs, including Spirit, for 15 years before assuming the assistant nurse manager role for Spirit, and in the past year moved into the position of manager. In an interview with D. Martin she discussed achieving of a position of leadership in our nursing community. The interview included questions about her background, and the role she has today. Leadership Style D. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008) describes a leader as someone who is able to work effectively with other people and facilitate getting the job done. She further discusses the leader needing to have interactive communication skills. These skills she describes as two parts; first is active listening, making eye contact and giving full attention to the person speaking; the second is being able to talk and make a point with sounding condescending. Through her examples, D.Martin has a democratic or participative leadership style. Leaders with a democratic style act as a catalyst or facilitator to guide the group towards achieving group goals (Koernig-Blais et al, 2006). Democratic leadership may be less efficient than other types of leadership, but it does allow for a spirit of collaboration and creativity from group members. This type of leadership can be extremely effective in the healthcare setting (Tappen, 2001, p. 26)Personal Philosophy and Important Qualities of Leadership When questioned about important qualities or characteristics of a leader, D. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008) again emphasized the importance of interactive communication. D. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008) stated that an effective leader needs to respect their staff, or whomever they are leading. That a leader needs to learn how to be politically correct in all settings, and the  leader as manager needs to learn how to delegate, and to be aware of the fiscal responsibilities within the institution, and balance those requirements with the needs of the department they are managing. Sullivan and Decker, 2005 p. 44 state that all good managers are also good leaders. D. Martin talked interchangeably of leaders and managers, because she views herself as a leader first, and a manager second. Her views are that as a staff nurse, she was viewed as a leader among the flight crew, and now as a manager, she is still that leader, but with the responsibilities of management (D. Martin personal communication, March 6, 2008). A manager is responsible and accountable to the organization for accomplishing the goals of the organization (Sullivan Decker, 2005). When D. Martin was questioned about her personal philosophy of leadership she replied that you are never going to please everyone all of the time, and that the most important thing to remember is that you have to be able to live with your decisions, legally and ethically (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). According to D. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008), quality and safety should be ranked equally at number one in consideration for what can and should be done. She believes that as a manager, she needs to be the mother tiger looking out for her cubs; that she has to protect the staffs interests. D. Martin also believes that an effective manager should have come up through the ranks. A manager should not ask the staff to do something she has not done, or would not do. Another aspect of an effective manager is that the manager should have been a clinical leader first, that they have been there, done that for years. The manager may not always be able to keep up those clinical skills, and be able to perform the clinical aspects of the job, but if they have done it for years, they will understand the concepts when the staff needs someone to talk to (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008)Learning Experiences that have Influenced Growth as a LeaderD. Martin believes that her own clinical experiences and what she has done have had the most influence on her personal development. Her bedside clinical experience in an ICU prepared her for her role as a transport nurse (personal communication, March 6, 2008). She was involved in the start-up of two different transport services, and her third experience was a transport nurse on a well established service. The first transport service she was part of was a load and go team with one of the first mobile ICUs in Wisconsin. Her belief is that being on the ground floor of two services, the personal growth from those experiences as the service went through its growing pains, makes her better prepared for the growing pains of going from peer to boss. She also emphasized that managers should not take things for granted, if they have not been where they are asking their staff to go, she feel strongly that she brings a been there, done that style to her leadership (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). Evolution of Nursing Leadership in Healthcare TodayThe interview continued with the question of how she sees leadership evolving in nursing today. Her first response was disappointed. When she first started out in nursing, many registered nurses were from an associates program, and the recommendation for a management position, or to teach was someone with a bachelors degree in nursing. Once she had achieved her bachelors, the bar had been raised with the recommendation that managers have their masters degree, in nursing or in business, and that nursing instructors have their PhD in nursing or education (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). Her thought is that with the requirement of that much schooling, the people managing departments, and teaching new nurses, are so far removed from the clinical aspects of nursing, that they are not as effective as someone who has recently been a clinical nurse. She feels nursing needs instructors that have been there, and instructors should not be only those with the highest degrees. There needs to be opportunities for nurses to move up through the ranks through independent nursing practice, and recognition needs to be given to the clinical experts at the bedside. The advanced degree should not be more important than clinical expertise in a given field (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). Challenges Facing Leaders in Todays Healthcare SystemsD. Martin (personal  communication, March 6, 2008), believes that the most challenging issues in her current position are the need to have a more global perspective, and having an appreciation for it. She described one aspect of that global perspective in terms of the hospital budget. Finding out what the hospital budget is, and that it comes down from the top of the corporation, not just the top of our individual hospital. Patients are important, but from a business standpoint, money is the bottom line (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). Healthcare is a business, and needs to be run as a business. She states that the biggest passion she had to give up was that the patient comes first. She had to learn how to facilitate the system, within the budget given, and with the resources available to her. Management cannot give the staff everything they are asking for, the money, and decisions come from the top down. Management would be easy if you didnt have to deal with the people (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). The Impact of a Mentor on Leadership StyleD. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008) states that she has had three mentors in her career. Each is unique and she is grateful to them. Her first was her nurse manager of her first flight service. She states that he too came up through the ranks. He taught her the importance of creating a balance between management and work. Her next mentor was her first nurse manager when she started at Saint Josephs, Terri. Terri was her mentor through her masters program, and taught her the importance of being politically correct and fair. That, as a manager, you might not agree with what is being said, but you need to have enough self control to not let them see you do not agree with the company line, or to never let them see you sweat (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). Her third mentor was her nurse manager for the 11 years she was a flight nurse with Spirit. Through him she learned that different management styles are okay, and that an open door policy was what she respected most about his style. He also taught her the importance of credibility, and to not make promises you may not be able to keep (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). Advice to Someone Interested in LeadershipD. Martin (personal communication, March 6, 2008) discussed the difficulty going from peer to boss. Her recommendation would be for anyone in that position to take a class on effective leadership to learn more on how to delegate, find resources and about fiscal responsibility. She did inform me that Saint Josephs Childrens Hospital does offer a two day seminar to employees on this topic, and she further recommends all Neonatal Intensive Care Transport Nurses take this class, as they all function in a leadership role (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). Her other advice was to be ready to put in long hours. To be passionate about whom you want to lead. Be clinically competent, and have confidence in yourself, and your knowledge. Stand up for yourself and your staff. Learn to take risks, and trust your instincts (D. Martin, personal communication, March 6, 2008). Conclusion Leadership and management are the responsibility of all professional nurses. Effective leadership and management is a learned process. Mentors can have a positive impact on the personal and professional growth of a nurse. Personal integrity, honesty, and a concern for human dignity should guide all leadership and management decisions (Koernig-Blais et. al, 2006). References: Koernig-Blais, K., Hayes, J., Kozier, B., Erb, G. (2006). Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Sullivan, E. J., Decker, P. J., (2005). Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall HealthTappen, R. M., (2001). Nursing Leadership and Management: Concepts and Practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.

Thin-Layer Chromatography of Steroid Hormones Essay Example for Free

Thin-Layer Chromatography of Steroid Hormones Essay The purpose of this experiment was to test the solubility of various steroids in order to obtain more information about their structure. An unknown was also given to be included in the experiment. The test that was performed was thin-layer chromatography which required a glass plate. The known steroids used in this experiment were estradiol, hydrocortisone, cortisone, corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone. Introduction Steroid hormones are a subgroup of lipids. They are found in one of the primary endocrine glands in the body, the adrenal glands, which are located directly superior to the kidneys. The structures of the adrenal glands begin with the outer layer known as the cortex. This region is most commonly referred to as the adrenal cortex and provides the gland with approximately 80% of its total mass. Within the adrenal cortex there are three layers: the outermost layer is known as the zona glomerulosa, the middle layer is known as the zona fasciculata, and the innermost layer is known as the zona reticularis. Each of these layers is comprised of many cells that synthesize and secrete hormones appropriately named the adrenocorticoids. The second portion of the adrenal gland is known as the adrenal medulla. It is the inner region and account for the remaining 20% in each of the adrenal glands. The adrenal medulla is responsible for the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream. Adrenocorticoids include three types of steroid hormones. Each class belongs to a specific layer in the adrenal cortex and each class secretes specific hormones. The first group of adrenocorticoids is referred to as mineralcorticoids. These hormones are secreted by the zona glomerulosa and are responsible for the regulation of both the reuptake of sodium and the secretion of potassium. The mineralcorticoid used in this experiment was the more potent, deoxycorticosterone. Abnormal levels of minercorticoids can be associated with hypertension and can be induced by various problems, such as, low blood sodium, high blood potassium, cardiac failure, kidney failure, or even cirrhosis of the liver. The second group of adrenocorticoids is referred to as the glucocorticoids. These are produced by the second layer in the adrenal cortex, the zona fasciculata. The functions of glucocorticoids include stimulating gluconeogenesis through the use of amino acids and breaking down of muscle proteins. In this experiment the glucocorticoids used were hydrocortisone and corticosterone. These hormones are used medically to suppress the immune system by inhibiting the inflammation process. However, too much secretion of these hormones can be indicative of Cushing’s syndrome, pregnancy, and stress that comes from disease or other sorts of bodily trauma. The third group of adrenocorticoids that will be discussed are sex hormones. Sex hormones are not only secreted by the adrenal cortex. They are largely secreted in the reproductive system of each respective gender. Sex hormones can be further categorized into androgenic hormones, estrogenic hormones, and progestational hormones. Androgenic hormones are found predominately in the testes of the male, and there is it secreted by the interstitial Leydig cells. The most common and most powerful androgenic hormone is testosterone. Estrogenic hormones are only slightly different from their counterparts. Estrogenic hormones are identified by their 18 carbon ring structure whereas androgens are identified by their 19 carbon ring structure. Estrogenic hormones are secreted by the female reproductive organs known as the ovaries. The most potent estrogenic hormone is called estradiol and its release fluctuates throughout a woman’s menstrual cycle, with its peak volumes being around the time of ovulation. The last subgroup of sex hormones is called progestational hormones, or progesterone. Progesterone is responsible for the final maturation of the endometrium. Located in the ovaries, it is released from the corpus luteum during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and also increases in volume during pregnancy as the fetus progresses. Progesterone is different from the other two classes of sex hormones in that it is a 21 carbon ring structure. The modality used in this experiment was a chromatogram. Thin-layer chromatography is the type of chromatography that uses a small glass sheet covered in a thin layer of an adsorbent material. Once solutes are obtained, they are carefully placed on the glass sheet on the origin line. Then the glass sheet is soaked in a solvent for a certain period of time that varies with each chromatography technique. After it is through soaking, the solutes can be observed and the distance that each solute has moved can be measured. This value is obtained by using the R? ormula which takes the distance a solute travels from the origin line divided by the distance that the solvent traveled (this measure is known as the solvent front). This R? value can help determine unknowns as well. The final result of this experiment is known as a chromatogram, and depending on which technique is used, the steroids can be seen through regular light, or via a UV lamp. A UV light lamp was required for this experiment. Chromatography is a very useful tool in identifying the solubility properties of steroid hormones and revealing variants in hormone structure.

Ethical Justification: Involving Human Volunteers in Trials

Ethical Justification: Involving Human Volunteers in Trials Ethical Justification of Involving Human Volunteers in Phase 1 Trials Zoheb Rafique INTRODUCTION Tremendous development in recent medical science and the consequent discoveries resulting in successful prevention and also cure of different diseases are shared by clinical research involving the human volunteers. Preceding the trials in the human subjects, and to ensure safety, the proposed drug and other interventions are either tested in animals (vivo) or in laboratory (vitro) to evaluate initial safe starting dose for the human beings and to key out the benchmarks for the clinical monitoring for the potential unfavorable effects. These pre human trials might not necessarily protect against the untoward effects in the human beings as happened in the case of thalidomide tragedy, which caused disability and killed thousands of babies born to the mothers, those who took this medicine. Use of healthy human volunteers in the preliminary experiments or phase I clinical trials either reduces or excludes risks of subsequent undesirable effects in the future trails (1). Phase-1 trials are conducted in order to test the safety, reactions and immunogenicity of vaccines in volunteers. Novel treatments for the cancer are first tested in phase 1 trials enrolling the patients with advanced disease, who have exhausted the standard treatment options. Phase-1 oncology trials are the pivot point in the translation of new cancer therapies from bench to bedside. Nevertheless, these trials remain ethically controversial. The controversy stems from the fact that, classically, phase-1 oncology clinical trials involve first-in-human testing of experimental treatment candidates in patients with a terminal diagnosis, who typically have exhausted standard treatment options. Commentators on the ethics of phase-1 clinical trials make diametrically opposed claims about the prospect of direct medical benefit from participation in these trials-benefits that can be attributed to receiving the experimental treatment intervention. One camp of benefit skeptics, inhabited mainly by bioethicists , characterizes this form of research as lacking any reasonable prospect of direct medical benefit. They see an ethical cloud hovering over phase-1 trials, because the vast majority of patients volunteer for phase-1 trials out of a motivation to receive medical benefit. In the view of these skeptics, such patients therefore harbor a ‘therapeutic misconception’ about research participation. This misconception calls into question the validity of informed consent and thereby undercuts the ethical basis of these trials (2). In this paper, I will discuss the ethical justification of the participation of human volunteers in phase-1 trials. DISCUSSION It is now widely accepted that medical research designed for the benefit of populations in developed countries should not be conducted with subjects recruited from populations in economically underdeveloped countries. Indeed, it is ethically objectionable to recruit from populations in resource-poor settings, even in developed countries, unless those populations are particularly susceptible to the condition the research is designed to relieve. In one study, there was proposal to conduct a phase-1 vaccine study recruiting subjects from the United States when the purpose is to assist the population of Mali, in Sub-Saharan Africa, to overcome the pervasive local consequences of Malaria. The ethical principle of justice, which requires a fair allocation of the risks and benefits of medical research, provides that the risk of research should not be planned to affect subjects from one population when benefits of the research are primarily directed to another population. It may accordingly appear, at first assessment, that the Malian government’s requirement that all phase-1 testing of the antimalarial vaccine be conducted in the United States is as unethical as it would be for the United States government to require that all phase-1 testing of a vaccine or other product intended primarily to benefit the population of the United States be conducted in Mali. Yet codes of ethical conduct are less consistent on this point than commentators usually require being. The World Medical Association’s much-cited Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for Medical Research Involving Human subjects provides that â€Å"Medical research is only justified if there is a reasonable likelihood that the population in which the research is carried out stand to benefit from the results of the research.† By this criterion, conduct of the phase-1 study in the United States appears unethical. In the context of HIV/AIDS, however, the WHO’S Global program on AIDS (1989) provided that, â€Å"in general, initial phase-1 trials should be conducted in the country of origin of the vaccine†. By this criterion, phase-1 testing in the United States is appropriate, if a vaccine would originate and initially be governmentally approved in the United States. The situation would be otherwise, of course, if the NIH was funding the study for production of the vaccine in Mali. The ethical remains of where the initial phase-1 vaccine trials can be conducted most equitably, with least risk of exploitation and most protection of the interests of study subjects (3). Most clinical research trials today require the informed consent. Concern however is raised that subjects of phase 1 trial studies might not provide valid consent. In particular, few commentators worry that subjects of phase 1 oncology trials have an exaggerated idea of any chance of the therapeutic benefit. The Empirical studies tells that phase 1 trial participants are highly optimistic an d hopeful about their chance of personal benefit and also are motivated by hope for the clinical improvement. Altruism, on other hand is much less often identified as driving the decision to enroll, when quoted as motivating factor; and it typically is not the prime reason for the participation. In one research study, sixty one (61 %) of phase 1 oncology participants were doubtful about altruism would motivate the advanced cancer patients to enroll in the non beneficial research and several phase 1 volunteers in another study showed â€Å"Surprise† at idea of research participation based exclusively on altruism. Some studies find, however that the individuals in some other types of research trials often participate in the hope of helping others. As an example, schaeffer and colleagues describe that â€Å"hope others benefit† is one of the two most common motivational factors for the healthy volunteers (4). The research participants should be fully informed about the di fference between research and therapy and also risk-benefit ratio. The researcher should offer patients substitutes other than participation in the trials and also vulnerable population should not be included in the trials at any cost and especially in the phase-1 trials. CIOMS guideline 7 talks about inducement of participation in research. According to the guideline the research subjects can be reimbursed for their needs such as transport and other expenses, and also lost earnings, that is associated with participation in the research. Those persons who receive no any direct benefit from research may also get a small amount of money for their inconvenience due to the participation in research. All volunteers may get the medical services unrelated to research and could have tests and procedures performed free of cost. Payments in terms of money or in kind to the research subjects may not be so huge as to carry them to take unwarranted risks or volunteer against the better judgment. Incompetent persons are vulnerable to the exploitation for financial gain by the guardians. A subject who withdraws himself/herself from the research for various reasons related to research study, such as unacceptable side-effects of a study drug, or who is withdrawn on health grounds, should be paid or recompensed as if full participation had taken place. For all biomedical research involving human subjects, the investigator must ensure that potential benefits and risks are reasonably balanced and risks are minimized. The Declaration of Helsinki deals with the wellbeing of research subjects and the avoidance of risk. Thus, considerations related to the well-being of the human subject should take precedence over the interests of science and society, clinical testing must be preceded by adequate laboratory or animal experimentation to demonstrate a reasonable probability of success without undue risk, every project should be preceded by careful judgment of predictable burden and ris ks in comparison with the foreseeable benefits to research subjects or to others; physician-researchers must be confident that the risks involved have been adequately assessed and can be satisfactorily managed; and the risks and burdens to the subject must be minimized, and reasonable in relation to the importance of the objective or the knowledge to be gained (5). CONCLUSION The first basic principle of the Declaration of Helsinki requires biomedical research involving human subjects to be based on â€Å"adequately performed laboratory and animal experimentation and on a thorough knowledge of the scientific literature.† This implies that human subjects should not be used unless and until successful experiments in animals, as well as in vitro, have been completed. The Declaration, like most consensus documents formulated by representatives of different nations and medical traditions, is often vague and difficult to interpret in specific cases. It might allow proceeding to clinical trials if adequate animal studies demonstrated the inapplicability irrelevance, or absence of a useful animal model. If animals died immediately after receiving a vaccine, this would undoubtedly prohibit using the vaccine in human subjects (6). I will conclude this paper by saying that research is the only way of getting rid of various diseases through proper treatment an d also benefiting future patients from those diseases which have no cure at present or any medical treatment available, so research should not be stopped. In my opinion, human volunteers can be involved in phase-1 trials but following all international guidelines and all other aspects of biomedical ethics. REFERENCES Inayat Ullah Memon. JUSTIFICATION OF PARTICIPATION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS IN PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIALS: AN ETHICAL ANALYSIS. Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2011; 2(2):26-29 Franklin G Miller and Steven Joffe. Benefit in phase 1 oncology trials: therapeutic misconception or reasonable treatment option? Clinical Trials. 2008; 5: 617-623. Bernard Dickens. Reverse Exploitation in the Baltimore Malaria Vaccine Study. Emily Abdoler, Holly Taylor, and David Wendler. The Ethics of Phase 0 Oncology Trials. Clin cancer Res. 2008; 14(12): 3692-3697. International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. CIOMS 2002; 1-113. Wendy K. Mariner. Why Clinical Trials of AIDS Vaccines Are Premature. Public Health and the Law. AJPH. 1989; Vol. 79, No. 1: 86-91.

Gender Inequality and Social Class Differences in Society Essay

Sociology forms the core study of human interaction both in the role of household labor and at the group level. Several writers have stated it for instance. J. Scott (1994) writes that it is important to note that the gender roles of men and women are clearly defined right from birth based on culture, social status and their economic environment. The environment in this case needs both external and internal interactions with their society. In order to investigate the possible contribution of this practice to gender inequality, this paper focuses on how gender and social class has perpetuated inequality within the society and brings up possible solutions to control it. Over the years, the roles of men and women have been the key study of sociologists (for example Astin & Aseguera, 2004) in their study investigating the balance of higher education. This study noted that women serving in various levels of school and work still have additional family problems. It is further argued that other issues form these issues in gender roles. For example, look at biology as a gender determinant. It is naturally designed that women are capable of giving birth while men are only capable of being a caring parent. Women therefore are naturally occupying a reproductive role in society. Which in essence clearly indicates that through family a gender role is clearly defined. It is the relationship between these structures that dictates the role of women and men. Alternatively, in a natural sense, women are less masculine than men and therefore are always seen to be weaker than men. Hence are assigned a less heavy role than men. Looking at culture as a way of determining gender roles. Once children are born and raised the recommended way of life in t... ... is also important to provide access to an equal participation platform for both genders in order to avoid intimidation of the perceived weaker gender. However, in the opinion of this paper, empowerment through information and gender role education is the most efficient way to overcome this tragedy of inequality among and within the members of society. Works Cited Harriet, B. P. Employment Schedules Among Dual-Earner Spouses and the Division of Household Labor by Gender. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. Scott, J. Housework in Marital and Nonmarital Households. Berkeley: University California Press, 1994. Coon, D. Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2001. Astin, A., & Oseguera, L. The declining â€Å"equity†of American higher education. The Review of Higher Education,2004.

Summary of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Essay -- essays research paper

The Jungle The Jungle by Upton Sinclair is about a Lithuanian family living in Chicago in the 1900’s. They had faith in the American dream, hoping to start a new and successful life. Unfortunately they were deprived of they hopes and dreams. They were placed in the middle of a society where only the strongest and richest survived. The rich keep getting richer and the poor get even poorer. Jurgis and his family went to extreme lengths just in hopes of finding a job, they were forced to travel in heavy rain, strong winds, and thick snow, even when they were sick, in fear of losing their jobs. The Jungle pointed out many flaws in society such as filthy meat and sickening work conditions. When Jurgis and his family arrived in Chicago they thought that they would find life a lot easier. T...

Neural Networks Essay -- Artificial Intelligence Technology

Neural Networks Abstract This paper will provide an introductory level discussion of neural networks within the field of artificial intelligence. This discussion will briefly cover the history of the neural network as well as recent advances within this field. In addition, several real world applications of neural networks will be discussed. Introduction The primary goal in the field of artificial intelligence is to construct a machine with an intellect comparable to that of a human. This pursuit of an artificial intelligence has had a long history. Several different approaches have been attempted as a result of this goal. In particular, the study of neural networks has evolved from this pursuit for an intelligent machine. The field of neural networks involves a new approach to computing that uses mathematical structures with the ability to learn (Zsolutions). These methods were inspired by investigations into modeling nervous system learning (Zsolutions). For example, neurons in the human brain are used to transmit data back and forth to each other. Artificial neural networks use this same technique to process various kinds of information (Fu, p 4). There are a wide variety of applications in which neural networks can be utilized. Primarily, they should be used in areas where standard techniques fail to give satisfactory results (Zsolutions). Neural networks are applied best in situations where information needs to be determined faster and with more efficiency. In addition, neural networks outperform other artificial intelligence approaches in areas where more detail can be learned from inputted data (Zsolutions). Discussion The technology of neural networks has been in existence for approximately forty years ... ...dapt as more data is input into the network. The recent advances within the field of neural networks are just beginning of what may potentially become the solution to creating a truly intelligent machine. The success that neural networks have had in the few areas that have implemented it should be enough to make others realize the strength of a neural network. As neural networks grow in popularity, so too will the advancements in the field. In my opinion, neural networks will eventually be the driving force behind all artificial intelligence attempts. Bibliography 1. Fu, Limin. Neural Networks In Computer Intelligence. McGraw-Hill Inc. 1994. 2. http://www.cio.com/archive/cio_011596_neural_feature.html 3. http://www.inc.com/beyondthemag/between_the_pages/neural.html 4. http://www.merlin.com.au/brain_proj/neur_net.htm 5. http://www.zsolutions.com/

Treaty of Versailles

One of the most important documents ever, The Treaty of Versailles was proposed to be a peace settlement between the victorious Allies and the defeated Germans at the outcome of World War I. The document was a major disaster and did not serve any of the purposes it was drawn for. The harsh provisions of the treaty along with its unfair orders to Germany led to the worlds most horrific leader come to power and also set the platform for another war. The treaty became a worldwide example of history how greed and injustice can lead to disasters no one thought possible.World War I came to an end on November 11, 1918. Germany had surrendered and signed the Armistice agreement. The Allies were engaged in tailoring a peace settlement with a defeated Germany. In December of 1918, the Allied leaders met in The Allies hoped that writing a peace agreement would be a quick and easy process; however, once the process of writing the treaty started, the Allies found that they had much greater task a head. President Woodrow Wilson had his Fourteen Points and knew revenge was a bad idea, and he was right.However, France and Great Britain wanted Germany to pay for all the damages she caused and wanted to cripple her completely of her strengths. Germany was in financial ruins and had to cope with harsh changes at the same time. There were vast land grabs by France and Britain as they took over various colonies of Germany. Some territorial losses were: Alsace-Lorraine being returned to France, the Polish Corridor being taken by Prussia and Russia, the Saar Basin under League of Nations control for 15 years and turned the coal mines over to France, Danzig became a free city under the League.All of her colonies were distributed as mandates among the Allies. New countries were being formed and old countries were being destroyed, all to the arrangements and ease to the Allies. Germans leaders were especially angered because the land grabs and borders created by Britain and France separa ted many Germans from their homeland and forced to live under new countries being formed. Anschluss was also forbidden. One of the restrictions that really hit home to the Germans was the extreme limitation of Germany’s pride, its army.The German army was restricted to 100,000 men who had to serve for 12 years. Her navy and air force were also severely restricted in size, and the production of weapons, tanks, submarines and planes were forbidden and so was the German Naval fleet entirely surrendered to Great Britain. If such tough measures weren’t humiliating enough the Germans had to deal with another insult. Article 231: The War-Guilt Clause, Germany was compelled to accept responsibility for all the loss and damage caused by the war and to pay reparations for damages done to civilians which was said to be 6. Billion Pounds paid in gold. All these factors really put Germans back home a difficult change to cope with. The terms of treaty of Versailles such as reparatio ns, war guilt, disarmament, and loss of German territory made the Germans anger rise and their hatred towards against the allies. No peace can be made if all the leaders around the world make their decision in haste and greed. Instead on focusing on the wellbeing of all countries in the future with a much more comforting and modern manner, all the country leaders were simply there to gain more territories for themselves.The treaty was supposed to prevent another disastorous war from repeating itself, and ironically it was a platform for the next World War. A generous peace would have eased resentment in Germany, but was probably impossible, given public opinion of the citizens of France and England. The League of Nations was too weak to survive and handle all the countries bulldozing Germany with different factors from left, right, centre and above. First, the forced signature required of Germany, placing full blame for the war on her shoulders –made her the scapegoat of Euro pe which in reality was every countries fault.Second, the border drawing by the great powers France and Britain – creating new nations such as Czechoslovakia. Third, the newly arranged borders that left large German minorities under the rule of other ethnic groups. Fourth, the attempted total destruction of German military power which meant that opportunistic and expansionist countries would be able to take advantage of their weak neighbor. All these factors led to Hitler taking over Germany, preparing her for another war which would bring her back to her feet.In hindsight, World War II was almost inevitable given the terms of the Versailles treaty. Some would argue that it wasn't the direct cause, while others would say it was one of the most important factors. The restrictions imposed by the Versailles treaty created a social and economic depression in Germany, with widespread bitterness among its people. The allies placed a huge burden on Germany to pay for the cost of Wor ld War I that had just occured. This act alone essentially spelled doom for the Wiemar Republic and a peaceful Germany.The people of Germany felt the Treaty was an insult to their honour, and that they were not the only guilty player in the war. Also, by their leaders signing the Treaty and agreeing, they felt betrayed. They were desperate for hope. Germany needed a saviour to save herself from slipping further down the dark road she was headed for and got Hitler. He swept in and used his charisma to win an entire country and channel their thoughts and he did that by the opportunity the landed in his lap.If the treaty hadn’t been so heartless on Germany, they wouldn’t have needed a hero to save their country from slipping in situation no one would have imagined. Hitler rebeliously ignored the treaty's orders on every restriction Germany had. The remilitarization put the Germans back to work and oiled her economic wheels so she could start moving ahead and soon become t he strongest military power in the world. Suddenly there were jobs and apparent prosperity, and the German people could see a brighter future.This all helped sell the belief that the Nazis and their policies were righteous and that Hilter was a great leader. Adolf Hitler was one of those people. He gave the German people a reason for the problems Germany was facing in Jewish people, gypsies, and homosexuals (among many others). He created a whole nother realm of brutality with the jewish people, known as the Holocaust. Hitler seemed to present all the answers, and was eventually made High Chancellor and the first Fuhrer, creating totalitarianism in Germany.The Treaty of Versailles was a culmination of hostility and revenge and provided the perfect environment for Hitler to rise to power, and set the stage for a second World War. Germany’s punishment caused a train of events that led only up to disaster. The unfair and selfish land grabs and distrobution by Britain and France, the unimaginable amount of money to be paid by Germany and the refraining military orders just set a very bitter feel in the German air. This caused for the rise of Adolf Hitler who just brought more disaster and loss of innocent lives.Hitler also â€Å"fulfilled† his promises by creating a new World War which could have been entirely avoided if the Treaty of Versailles would have stuck to making peace, not deals. Evidence suggests that there was no single major cause for World War I but in effect there was several major events associated with its commencement. It is clear that the articles of the Treaty of Versailles, claiming sole German responsibility for causing World War I was unjust, it was a shared responsibility for the cause of the next World War.

A Taste of Honey Essay

A strain of de arst is a kitchen sink evasive action, set in the late 1950s. It follows the volatile blood of a render and daughter, and the problems that they throw to overcome. A reek of reveremaking presents the harsh reality of what sustenance was analogous for the working classes.The tampering period explores a variety of controversial issues, which especi each(prenominal)y in the 1950s, still superveneed behind closed doors, and would harbor raised skillful questions in society.In A sagaciousness of H bingley Helen is envisi whizd as a bad baffle, she fears more than(prenominal) rough drink commensurate and men than her exhaust got fry and in that location are nigh(prenominal) p auditions to Helens alcoholism through with(predicate) forth the play. In a strict and traditional society, it would pee been al close unforgivable for a adolescent girl to seduce a squirt and raise it on her deliver as Jo ends up doing and Helen did before her. R acism in all case plays a itemor in the play as the father of Jos unborn child was b neglect and battalion mat up genuinely beefed-uply or so this con crapation of liaison at this succession, including Jos light upon. A gustatory perception of H peerlessy light upons an insight to the problems and strains that quarter be brought on by the above issues and those that the working class suffered.In the disruption dead reckoning of A penchant of H angiotensin converting enzymey you are introduced to Jo and Helens new un configurational. It is a run down, dingy, elder c plenitudehe and is all that Helen can drop. The optimism that Helen carries is envisionn dependable a way as when Helen first walks in she is optimistic ab egress the situation by saying, Well This is the adjust. Which shows she has quite an easy- dismissal glide slope to feel as long as she has the necessities in invigoration. Jo because replies with, I tiret homogeneous it, which straig ht tabu-of-door shows the conflict among the pair and how contrastive their personalities are from iodin a nonher. You can cl first assure be the dialogue amid the pair that Helen has neer interpreted fearfulness of Jo properly, Jo I befoolt owe you a function, and Helen Do you urgency me to carry you well-nigh? which is radicalally saying hold stick out ulterior your ego.At this point Helen is already alcoholism and Jo says, You make me sick, in reference to her drinking, which shows that, she disapproves and that it sickens her. It handlewise makes you ask the question, why does Helen drink? Jo similarly addresses her mum as Helen, this shows us that thither is goose egg maternal betwixt the two and Jo obviously doesnt picture her as a pay offly figure. They also both talk to the audience in third person nigh iodin an other saying affairs such(prenominal) as, Helen Wouldnt she swallow on your nerves and Jo Shed lose her head if it was loose, you cann ot call in an inch of love betwixt them and although some people put ont incessantly go up a real be have sexd sustain and daughter hu musical composition relationship in that location isnt a trace of any bonding or feel for between them.However you do see Helen show a genuine interest in Jo when she sees how good her art work is, although as she stumbles upon it by mistake it shows the distance they have from maven another as Jo has neer shown her the work before and Jo is quite taken a can by the interest from her mother and says, why are you so all of a sudden interested in me anyway? which reflects the lack of support that Jo has received. Though language, humor and irony used between them you can see the lack of respect and their clear differences such as Helen world a draw poker more optimistic and ludicrous to Jos more realistic and practical approach to life. You can see Helens wild view through her drinking problem, references to men, Handsome, long-sh anked creature fair(a) the way I like em, her outbursts of singing and the basic fact that she was obviously out doing her own thing when she should have been taking care of her daughter and not kicking her out of bed when she had male company excessively when Helen finds out that her daughter stole the bulbs she is lie withing and approves, this shows Helens true colours and how she goes roughly life she doesnt mind taking things that arent hers as long as she nails what she wants. Helens life runs along the same lines as you only live once, as she permits nothing set her back and she also makes upriseard comments active death and doesnt breast upon it as a big thing really. This contrasts to Jos comment in roleplay 2, exposure 2 where she says, We establishert ask for life, we have it thrust upon us. I regain that Jos out look on life is that it is lowering and unfair she has always had to fight for her self as Helen has never been there for her, and so she doesn t expect the good things to happen in her life.Jo and Helens relationship active men in sour 1, sentiment 1 is also very strange, as Helen has clearly had many men in her life as when Peter is introduced Jo says in a very matter of fact way, Whats this one called? Jo doesnt calculate to think of men as a necessary object in life and seems to think of men in a more romantic way than Helen and mentions love as well. However in subprogram 2, moving picture 2 she has Geoff and although she isnt cogitate to him in a romantic way at all she still likes the constancy of a man looking later her in her life and would preferably have a man than a char present at the drive home of her child.In human activity 2, icon 2 where the birth of Jos child is looming, Helen isnt there hardly comes back before she has it and she shows a distinguishable approach towards Jo. Although she shows her true face by existence nasty to Geof for no reason when she owes it to him to be nice as he h as been taking care of her daughter, she does show genuine concern for Jo, How are you, love? and makes enquires about the birth and her motherliness. She has also make an motion to buy things for the baby and seems to be a lot more motherly towards Jo now. This time round it is Helen making the safari to make the place look nice, and Jo doesnt seem to care about her lively arrangements which is a mirror to the military position of Helen in Act 1, scene 1.Helens effort that she puts into her relationship with Jo is more than more motherly and dong things such as, stroking her hair, caring for her, also by saying things such as, well get morbid, this is showing a diverse side to Helen as in Act 1, scene 1, she is very open about death and talks about it on a regular basis. This is also tee innate as she is usually the one that is being morbid, not Jo. Also by talk of the town about the children outside shows a total channel in character and you see the nice side of Helen. Whereas Jo seems to have moody more like her mum, by not really caring and expecting others to do things for her, such as Geof although Jo is never nasty towards him.Although Jo and Helen dont get on with one another in Act 1, scene 1 and Act 2, scene 2 you can see the differences between them. In Act1, scene 1, Helen is very distant from Jo, which Delaney shows through the dialogue and language used between them. She also shows this through the use of talk of the town in the third person, wouldnt she get on your nerves? However in Act 2, scene 2 she seems to be hard to come closer to her daughter, by taking an interest in her and retributory genuinely being more caring. You also see a change in character with Jo, who in Act 1, scene 1 Delaney portrays her as the parent, with her doing things such as cleaning, but by Act 2, scene 2 when she is about to become a mother herself she is more childlike, this can be shown through the period directions of Jo throwing the pre hightail it dame that Geof gets her because its the wrong colour. She acts like a spoilt child who comes across as ungrateful and shows no maturity date in her at all.I think that in Act 2, scene 2 their relationship has progressed form Act 1, scene 1 as Helen is more of a mother figure towards Jo. However I dont think that they will have a good relationship, as Helen isnt very supporting when she finds out about the colour of the baby. When she is asked what shell do she replies, drown it, and she goes back to her old ways of drinking. This also suggests that she drinks to drown her sorrows. Also she leaves Jo on her own at a time that she needs her and there is some uncertainty about whether or not she is coming back. This sums up their relationship as one that is rocky and that there is no st talent at all.A Taste of beloved EssayAct two, scene one is an important fail of the play because Jo is near the end of her pregnancy and Helen comes back to visit her but only because Geoff had asked her too.Previously in the play Helen had marital Peter and had gone to live with him, Jo got industrious to a colored boy in the Navy, she became big(predicate) but he didnt come back by and by going away with the Navy. Jo didnt have a very good relationship with her mother and they had traveld about a lot as Helen ran every time she couldnt pay the rent. Jo met Geoff who is a homo cozy. He hasnt had sexual relations with a man but he knows he is sprightly because he has had liaisons with other men. Jo has leftfield give instruction and was going to work in a pub circumstances-time.The play is A Taste of lamb and I am doing start up of Act two scene one where Jo, Helen and Geoff are the main characters. This play is principally set in Jo and Helens straight off where the time is around the 1950s. Helen and Jo werent very well off so the savorless is in a poor condition. It is galling and there is a lot of dust. The mob looks like it is uncared for because clot hes are on the floor and the bed isnt made. It is a comfortless flat. If I was in the audience I would see the settee in the middle of the flat with Geoffs bed clothing on it, to the left of the stage would be Jos unmade bed it top executive have some clothes fiction untidily on top of it. To the right I would see the kitchen, the sink fully of dirty plates and cups, and there would be tons of things scattered about the kitchen sides.In this discussion section of the play the characters use actions in different ways to portray their emotions and feelings. For example at the departing line of this section Geoff says Let me pet you this lets us know that Geoff likes Jo as more indeed(prenominal) a comrade alas she does not feel the same way. This is shown when she struggles as Geoff forces himself on her. Another show of Geoffs feelings towards Jo are when he asks her to marry him, Jo clean dismisses the idea and tells Geoff Im not marrying anybody.When Helen arrives she tries to be motherly towards Jo but Jo doesnt really want to know as Helen hasnt really been there for her whilst she has been maturement up. I dont think she understands why Helen suddenly wants to be a proper mother so Jo starts an rivalry by saying what blew you in as soon as Helen comes in to the room. besides Helen still tries to by friendly by asking about Geoff, she also tries to change the subject at that point when Jo asks her how she came to know about her pregnancy she replies Come on, arent you going to introduce me to your boy friend? Who is he?. I think at that point Helen hadnt come to conclude with Jo and had come to see if she was alright.When Jo and Helen are huffy they both speak their mind and tend to shout when arguing. Jo talks in a steady spokesperson and when talk to Geoff she talks in a soft voice but her voice is stern when she is speaking to Helen as I feel she is enactmentter towards her. Helen talks to Jo as if she regrets having her and wishes shed aborted her like all the others, in this scene though Helen starts off friendly but finishes by chasing Jo around the room trying to hit her. Geoff is the calm one he doesnt stand up for himself much but tries to protect Jo. When Geoff is told to do something he does it without complaining.This play is important to theatre history, as it was the first play ever seen about real life and the problems that came with it like pauperisation, racism, immature pregnancies and homophobia. This play had them all in. At the time this play was written Britain was just regain from shortages and rationing, the rationing ended in 1952. admit was scarce so many people had to live in flats even so if they could afford better and bomb sites were still derelict. Shelagh Delaney was the writer of this play and she was 19 age old when she wrote it. It was written in 1956 and censorship from the stage was removed in 1963. A Taste of Honey is what you would call a kitchen-sink drama because it is based on real life, problems, poverty and the working class.A Taste of Honey EssayThis essay is about a young woman called Jo. Jo has a mother known as Helen and her boyfriend gibe Jo also has a boyfriend called boy and a close friend called Geoff who is gay. Jo is pregnant with her boyfriend Boy, Boy is a black waterman, and it was common in those days for sailors to have girlfriends for a short while and then(prenominal) leave them as they go on to other places, and as Jo says Hes gone away. He whitethornbe back in six months, but then again, he may here she gave the idea that he may not be back. In this case he left her pregnant as well which just adds to Jos problems. At the beginning of the play all Jo could think about is the condition of the flat and Jos first wrangling were And I dont like it as Helen said, Well this is the place. At the beginning their opinions of the flat are very different as Helen tries to see the better side as Jo just keeps on criticising the flat, which in way brings them closer together rather than further apart, they just need to respect each other more.Jo is really serious about her thoughts of the flat whereas Helen is trying to look at the good side although she knows its august and even gives into Jo later and says, It is a bit of a mess isnt it. The former uses Helens cold to revel Helens character by the words that she uses like Its running like a tap she says about her nose. two characters rely on men to get tenderheartedness as they dont really get it from each other. Helen does care about Jos future as she shows when she discovers the drawings that Jo had drawn she says, I didnt relieve oneself I had such a keen daughter. As Peter enters Helens reaction is an unwelcoming one, and she even says, Look what the winds blown in. Helen wants Jo to go away now that Peter had entered and she said to Jo exhaust yourself into a bloody termite and move into the wall or something. The first impressions of hamme r are that hes very arrogant and he treats Jo like a slave as he is relative her what to do as soon as he walked through the door. Jos demeanour tells us that she doesnt like Peter. Helen thinks that Jo is green-eyed of her because she has a man as Helen says, shes jealous They then admit that they never given each other affection as Jo says, Youve certainly never been sociable with me.Act two, scene one. Jo suspects that Geoff wants to move in as he said, Isnt this place a bit big for one Jo? but I think Jo wants Geoff to move in as she invites him to stay the night. Jo later denies the fact she wants mating as Geoff asked, You want taking in hand an she replied with, no, thank even though shes been asked. When Jo told Geoff about the baby he kept asking questions like, how are you going to manage then he says this to suggest that he wants to help. Jo has changed since the start of the play as she is beginning to let some of her feelings out to Geoff. When Helen came back she called the flat the same old miserable pickle despite at the beginning of the play she said it was good.A Taste of Honey EssayHuman learning is a continuous process, but there may be critical periods in our victimization during which adaptational success or adversity heavily influences the course of later outgrowth in the life cycle. Adolescence clearly is one of these critical breedingal transitions. The number of cessation of changes that occur simultaneously during adolescence present major challenges to the development of mature and effective grapple strategies. In Shelagh Delaneys A Taste of Honey, we can observe this adolescent development or the stages of adolescence in the life of the star, Jo.In the beginning, the maven is already able to instal some characteristics of early adolescents. She starts to show an attitude where an individual is easily frustrated and anxious. Jo tells her mother, Why should I run around after you? Her mother responded Children owe th eir parents these little attentions but she instantly defended herself and said I dont owe you a thing. Somehow, Jo has a rigid concept of what is wrong or right, reflecting traces of being in the early adolescence stage. The protagonist in the story is seventeen years old. At this age, she would express characteristics or behaviors of those in the middle adolescence stage. Usually, at the middle adolescence stage, most of the changes due to puberty already took place. Considering this, Jo would already be very concerned with her animateness environment, especially with regards to how she looks or how she is presented in the society. Jo states in the beginning Cant be soon enough for me, Im cold and my shoes let water. past she adds What a place and were supposed to be living off her humble earnings. This emphasizes a characteristic of middle adolescents who are able to use speech in order to convey their feelings. When Jo was driven out of their apartment, she manages to confid e in the arms or care of a black sailor and she engaged in a one night stand. Due to conflicts at home, the protagonist tried to find love from other people. In addition to this, it can be said that because of her pursuit for love, the risk for sexual intercourse increased. Later on, she was forced to find a job and move to a new place. She had enough with her mother and her interferences and stubborn to live an independent life part of being at the middle adolescence stage. In her new place, she was able to meet a homosexual named Geoffrey who was also like her shy(p) and lonely. Eventually, she finds out that she is pregnant. A good thing about it is that she gains a sense of maturity from the mistake which she committed irrationally. At an early age, she begins to think of her future and her childs future as well. So she whole kit and boodle hard in order to keep herself and her baby alive. At this time, she is already able to make independent decisions for herself and takes pr ide in everything that she does. Geoffrey on the other hand, despite being homosexual, gains further understanding or development of his sexual identity. He proposed a marriage to Jo, taking full responsibility of the child she is bearing something which is really admirable for a homosexual. The reappearance of Jos mother in their lives stirred the peace, but Jo was already strong enough to defend herself and her new found family. She has greater ability to tell the things which she feels and thinks. Her ability to embrace causes with conviction made her measuring up the ladder of adolescent development. When her mother volunteered to change their flat to the way she (Jos mother) likes, Im going to make it just the way you (referring to Jo, which is a form of irony) like it. Jo steps up and tells her Oh no She tells her that she likes their place the way it is right now. Somehow, Jos experiences and maturity definitely honed her up to stand to challenges and cope with life.Works Ci tedDelaney, S. (1956). A Taste of Honey. New York Grove Press.

Perception and reality of technology

When you are not conscious of it, the clear understanding occurs.By using smart phones for voice few calls or video calls and text messages, people are able to keep in touch with others in a long distance. Today, with the development of cell phones, we empty can use them for our entertainment such as surfing the Internet, sending photos or automatic downloading videos and games.Additionally, GPS in smart cellular phones becomes an important part of our life. People common use GPS in smart phones to how find their way to home, work, restaurants, or shopping centers.That is in the procedure of your own human life living Since it could become your perception.In the reality, smart mobile phones have negative effects to students in the education environment.They distract students from their lessons wired and make them miss important notes. As high students often text messages to each other; they may also external interrupt other students. Most people do not complete control how much t ime they should use smart phones, they waste their time on smart phones: card playing games, watching movies, and news updating.

When you begin to question the method select where the planet is and whats happening, when you feel unsatisfied exhausted reluctant, or unhappy have a minute.Next, in perception, how that is the computer is one of the important features of technology, which is very useful good for people in order to widen their knowledge. Our current development is due to digital computers in many areas. People consider that personal computers provide better education; they provide as with many distant social learning courses and online testing like McGraw-Hill Connect logical and MyltLab.Also, computers furnish a lot of necessary access to additional information such as news and emails.Everyone lives in longer his own Earth, there is absolutely no world out.Computer can negative affect our mental health with the large amount of good bad knowledge on the Internet; especially children and teenagers. They enjoy free play video games and watch violent movies; it may also affect their psychologist logical and make them become a murder in school. According cah toa research in 2011 in the U. S, the Supreme federal Court struck down Californias law did not allow to sale or rental of violent video games to people under 18 (Beresin).

Twisting the reality doesnt increase acceptability.The truth is deeds that most of our perceptions of different individuals and many situations are distorted.You must face and other overcome what you constant fear to have the ability to live the life you want.Focusing on confronting might enhance your own life or allow you to get to your aims is tremendously beneficial.

Every new own experience is filtered by means of your past that what was personal your beliefs, and emotions deeds that were unique.The human mind is a reality.It is crucial to negotiate the worlds issues it has its limitations.Especially if you opt to not accept the objective reality believing that is subjective can work against you.

Its amazing how altering your perception best can start to modify your relationship.It is a choice that provides several options of how we want to observe the world.Our own perception is dependent on several matters.Our better understanding has the option to change.